前言：

	作為一名運維，對文件系統(tǒng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)，文件共享，內(nèi)存，CPU，以及一些應(yīng)用服務(wù)及監(jiān)控相關(guān)的知識需要
了解。今天是自己第一次搭建FTP（以前用過smb，windows共享，FTP，也自己搭建了SMB，但是FTP是
自己第一次搭建）經(jīng)過了解，linux的smb在歷史上被攻破過，ftp沒有相關(guān)的傳聞，但是不敢肯定沒有“0day”
漏洞。在NFS，Samba，FTP等網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件共享協(xié)議中，FTP是當(dāng)前共享文件中運用最廣泛的。常見的FTP產(chǎn)品有：vsftp；proftp；wu-ftp，pureftp。他們沒有什么區(qū)別。選擇自己習(xí)
慣使用的一款即可。本文選擇vsftp來做一些ftp文件共享方面的使用習(xí)慣記錄。僅供參考。在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中使用，一定要注意對ftp用戶進行最小權(quán)限的授權(quán)。ftp的配置也要進行限制。(- _ ^)

vsftp的安裝

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

創(chuàng)建ftp的用戶文件夾及文件存放文件夾

cd /home
sudo mkdir bankdata
cd bankdata
sudo mkdir bankexcel bankresult

添加用戶賬號，指定用戶目錄及登錄bash

sudo useradd bankdata-d /home/bankdata/ -s /bin/bash 

設(shè)置用戶密碼

sudo passwd bankdata

修改ftp配置文件

本配置主要是限制了用戶只能在自己的家目錄及子目錄中，不允許串門到其它任何地方

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES

服務(wù)的重啟，啟動，停止

sudo service vsftpd restart
sudo systemctl start vsftpd
sudo systemctl stop vsftpd

注意事項

	常見的錯誤：FTP連接時出現(xiàn)“227 Entering Passive Mode”客戶端的主動與被動模式有一些區(qū)別，可能會因為一些防火墻策略導(dǎo)致傳輸數(shù)據(jù)失敗。需要注意選擇客戶端的“主動”
或者“被動” 模式

常用命令

客戶端連接服務(wù)端成功后，直接輸入“help”， 如下：
ftp:/> help
ascii    set ascii transfer type
bin      set binary transfer type
binary   set binary transfer type
cd       change remote working directory
cdup     change remote working directory to parent directory
delete   delete remote file
dir      list contents of remote directory
exit     terminate ftp session and exit
get      receive file
help     print local help information
lcd      change local working directory
ldir     list contents of local directory
lls      list contents of local directory
lpwd     print working directory on local machine
ls       list contents of remote directory
mget     get multiple files
mkdir    make directory on the remote machine
mput     put multiple files
mv       rename file
passive  toggle pasive transfer mode
put      send one file
quit     terminate ftp session and exit
quote    send arbitrary ftp command
rename   rename file
rm       delete remote file
rmdir    remove directory on the remote machine
user     send new user information
ftp:/>