crm銷售系統(tǒng)青島網(wǎng)站建設(shè)方案優(yōu)化
一、什么是SQL注入?
SQL注入即是指web應(yīng)用程序?qū)τ脩糨斎霐?shù)據(jù)的合法性沒(méi)有判斷或過(guò)濾不嚴(yán),攻擊者可以在web應(yīng)用程序中事先定義好的查詢語(yǔ)句的結(jié)尾上添加額外的SQL語(yǔ)句,在管理員不知情的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)非法操作,以此來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)欺騙數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器執(zhí)行非授權(quán)的任意查詢,從而進(jìn)一步得到相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)信息。
SQL案列
String sql = "delete from table1 where id = " + "id";
這個(gè)id從請(qǐng)求參數(shù)中獲取,若參數(shù)被拼接為:1001 or ?1 = 1
String sql = "delete from table1 where id = 1001 or 1 = 1";
此時(shí),數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)都會(huì)被清空掉,后果非常嚴(yán)重.
二、防止SQL注入方式
這里總結(jié)4種:
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PreparedStatement防止SQL注入
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mybatis中#{}防止SQL注入
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對(duì)請(qǐng)求參數(shù)的敏感詞匯進(jìn)行過(guò)濾
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nginx反向代理防止SQL注入
1、PreparedStatement防止SQL注入
PreparedStatement具有預(yù)編譯功能,以上述SQL為例,使用PreparedStatement預(yù)編譯后的SQL為:
delete from table1 where id= ?
此時(shí)SQL語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)已固定,無(wú)論"?"被替換為任何參數(shù),SQL語(yǔ)句只認(rèn)為where后面只有一個(gè)條件,當(dāng)再傳入 1001 or ?1 = 1時(shí),語(yǔ)句會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),從而達(dá)到防止SQL注入效果。
2、mybatis中#{}防止SQL注入
mybatis中#{}表達(dá)式防止SQL注入與PreparedStatement類似,都是對(duì)SQL語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行預(yù)編譯處理
注意:
#{} :參數(shù)占位符
${} :拼接替換符,不能防止SQL注入,一般用于
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傳入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象(如:數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱、表名)
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order by ?后的條件
3、對(duì)請(qǐng)求參數(shù)的敏感詞匯進(jìn)行過(guò)濾
這里是springboot的寫(xiě)法,如下:
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*",filterName = "sqlFilter")
@Configuration
public class SqlFilter implements Filter {@Overridepublic void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}/*** @description sql注入過(guò)濾*/@Overridepublic void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {ServletRequest request = servletRequest;ServletResponse response = servletResponse;// 獲得所有請(qǐng)求參數(shù)名Enumeration<String> names = request.getParameterNames();String sql = "";while (names.hasMoreElements()){// 得到參數(shù)名String name = names.nextElement().toString();// 得到參數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)值String[] values = request.getParameterValues(name);for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {sql += values[i];}}if (sqlValidate(sql)) {//TODO 這里直接拋異常處理,前后端交互項(xiàng)目中,請(qǐng)把錯(cuò)誤信息按前后端"數(shù)據(jù)返回的VO"對(duì)象進(jìn)行封裝throw new IOException("您發(fā)送請(qǐng)求中的參數(shù)中含有非法字符");} else {filterChain.doFilter(request,response);}}/*** @description 匹配效驗(yàn)*/protected static boolean sqlValidate(String str){// 統(tǒng)一轉(zhuǎn)為小寫(xiě)String s = str.toLowerCase();// 過(guò)濾掉的sql關(guān)鍵字,特殊字符前面需要加\\進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)義String badStr ="select|update|and|or|delete|insert|truncate|char|into|substr|ascii|declare|exec|count|master|into|drop|execute|table|"+"char|declare|sitename|xp_cmdshell|like|from|grant|use|group_concat|column_name|" +"information_schema.columns|table_schema|union|where|order|by|" +"'\\*|\\;|\\-|\\--|\\+|\\,|\\//|\\/|\\%|\\#";//使用正則表達(dá)式進(jìn)行匹配boolean matches = s.matches(badStr);return matches;}@Overridepublic void destroy() {}
}
4、nginx反向代理防止SQL注入
越來(lái)越多網(wǎng)站使用nginx進(jìn)行反向代理,該層我們也可以進(jìn)行防止SQL注入配置。
將下面的Nginx配置文件代碼放入到server塊中,然后重啟Nginx即可
if ($request_method !~* GET|POST) { return 444; }#使用444錯(cuò)誤代碼可以更加減輕服務(wù)器負(fù)載壓力。#防止SQL注入if ($query_string ~* (\$|'|--|[+|(%20)]union[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]insert[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]drop[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]truncate[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]update[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]from[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]grant[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]exec[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]where[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]select[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]and[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]or[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]count[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]exec[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]chr[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]mid[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]like[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]iframe[+|(%20)]|[\<|%3c]script[\>|%3e]|javascript|alert|webscan|dbappsecurity|style|confirm\(|innerhtml|innertext)(.*)$) { return 555; }if ($uri ~* (/~).*) { return 501; }if ($uri ~* (\\x.)) { return 501; }#防止SQL注入 if ($query_string ~* "[;'<>].*") { return 509; }if ($request_uri ~ " ") { return 509; }if ($request_uri ~ (\/\.+)) { return 509; }if ($request_uri ~ (\.+\/)) { return 509; }#if ($uri ~* (insert|select|delete|update|count|master|truncate|declare|exec|\*|\')(.*)$ ) { return 503; }#防止SQL注入if ($request_uri ~* "(cost\()|(concat\()") { return 504; }if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]union[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]and[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]select[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]or[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]delete[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]update[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]insert[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }if ($query_string ~ "(<|%3C).*script.*(>|%3E)") { return 505; }if ($query_string ~ "GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})") { return 505; }if ($query_string ~ "_REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})") { return 505; }if ($query_string ~ "proc/self/environ") { return 505; }if ($query_string ~ "mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|\%3D)") { return 505; }if ($query_string ~ "base64_(en|de)code\(.*\)") { return 505; }if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=http://") { return 506; }if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+") { return 506; }if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+") { return 506; }if ($query_string ~ "b(ultram|unicauca|valium|viagra|vicodin|xanax|ypxaieo)b") { return 507; }if ($query_string ~ "b(erections|hoodia|huronriveracres|impotence|levitra|libido)b") {return 507; }if ($query_string ~ "b(ambien|bluespill|cialis|cocaine|ejaculation|erectile)b") { return 507; }if ($query_string ~ "b(lipitor|phentermin|pro[sz]ac|sandyauer|tramadol|troyhamby)b") { return 507; }#這里大家根據(jù)自己情況添加刪減上述判斷參數(shù),cURL、wget這類的屏蔽有點(diǎn)兒極端了,但要“寧可錯(cuò)殺一千,不可放過(guò)一個(gè)”。if ($http_user_agent ~* YisouSpider|ApacheBench|WebBench|Jmeter|JoeDog|Havij|GetRight|TurnitinBot|GrabNet|masscan|mail2000|github|wget|curl|Java|python) { return 508; }#同上,大家根據(jù)自己站點(diǎn)實(shí)際情況來(lái)添加刪減下面的屏蔽攔截參數(shù)。if ($http_user_agent ~* "Go-Ahead-Got-It") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "GetWeb!") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "Go!Zilla") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "Download Demon") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "Indy Library") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "libwww-perl") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "Nmap Scripting Engine") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "~17ce.com") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "WebBench*") { return 508; }if ($http_user_agent ~* "spider") { return 508; } #這個(gè)會(huì)影響國(guó)內(nèi)某些搜索引擎爬蟲(chóng),比如:搜狗#攔截各惡意請(qǐng)求的UA,可以通過(guò)分析站點(diǎn)日志文件或者waf日志作為參考配置。if ($http_referer ~* 17ce.com) { return 509; }#攔截17ce.com站點(diǎn)測(cè)速節(jié)點(diǎn)的請(qǐng)求,所以明月一直都說(shuō)這些測(cè)速網(wǎng)站的數(shù)據(jù)僅供參考不能當(dāng)真的。if ($http_referer ~* WebBench*") { return 509; }#攔截WebBench或者類似壓力測(cè)試工具,其他工具只需要更換名稱即可。